14 billion years ago there was a big bang. A little after that particles and atoms formed but were far too hot to be doing anything useful and took another few million years too cool down. At some point (we’re still working out how) all those atoms started clumping together and formed clouds of gas that eventually got so big they collapsed under their own weight and formed stars.
These merrily burned away for a few million years, making all the elements, until all the fuel was gone and they started to blow up, throwing all those heavy elements out into the universe, and leaving enough hydrogen to form a new, smaller star that is the Sun. Those elements started to clump together and drew other clumps in with gravity and eventually we ended up with a big old lump of rock that was in just the right place around a Sun to have liquid water. That’s the earth.
No one knows exactly how planets form, but we think that solar systems come from huge clouds of gas and dust. All of the stuff in the cloud is attracted to everything else by gravity, and this means that if there are parts of the cloud that are more dense than others then these regions will attract even more stuff and so the regions will become even larger and denser.
Some of the dense region will become stars, and smaller dense regions nearby will form planets like the earth.
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