they are not different colours, they are just tones of the same, from the pink-ish to the brown-ish and black-ish. It depends on the amount of melanin present in the skin, this is why there are basically an infinite number of grades
Human skins have different colours because they have different amounts of melanin in them. This is a chemical which protects skin from harmful UV radiation from the Sun. Humans living close to the equator survived better if they had more protection from UV radiation (because the light from the Sun is more intense here) and so humans living in these regions evolved to have more melanin in their skin.
It’s to do with melanin, the chemical that reacts to sunlight. The brighter the sun where you ancestors are from the darker your skin will be as it tries to protect itself.
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